Malachite

GEM & MINERAL ARTICLES AND OTHER ITEMS OF INTEREST This page contains non-current information/articles/photos etc from the records of the Warrnambool Gem Club. Please note that all articles and photos on this site are copyright. However, the information on this site can be used by non- commercial/ educational purposes provided the source of the material is acknowledged. Click on the links below to go to the relevant item on interest. Fossicking in the Harts Ranges in the N.T, Some of the beautiful minerals that Larry found Fossicking in the Apple Isle Mortlake Peridot Jewellery Fay Pecks Collection Aegirine-augite crystals at Mt Shadwell

Fossicking in the Harts Ranges,

By Alan Altmann, Warrnambool Gem Club, 2003

In July 2003, I traveled from Warrnambool, Victoria, up to the Harts Ranges in central Australia. The area is a popular fossicking area for us ‘southerners’ (and folk from the other states as well) in winter. I was driving a Toyota Prado (diesel), towing an A-van. After many years of using tents I had decided I deserved some additional comfort as ‘times goes by’. The combination worked well, being relatively fuel efficient (averaging 11.1 l/100km for the trip) for a vehicle towing a van. I am a member of the Warrnambool Gem Club in western Victoria, and it was two club members, Bill and Phyll Rodgers, who introduced me to the hobby some 40 years ago. Now 93, Bill still cuts and polishes gemstones and is a wealth of knowledge on the subject. He and Phyll have often said that it is important to get out and do what you want to before you get too old. I have finally taken their advice! BILL ROGERS (95 years young in 2006) CAN STILL PRODUCE MAGNIFICENT FACETED GEMS ON HIS 'FACETRON' FACETING MACHINE, WHICH HE PURCHASED AFTER WEARING OUT HIS 'IMASHI' FACETING MACHINE I arrived in Alice Springs in late July and after a day of sight seeing in Alice I headed out to the Harts Ranges. I decided to stay at the Gemtree Caravan Park as it provides facilities which one comes to appreciate. Having clean toilets, washing facilities and an electricity supply are definite pluses if staying in an area for an extended period of time. Access to a warm shower at the end of a long day’s digging is a great luxury for a weary back; and being able to put on the heater at night is a bonus (OK, I admit I am getting ‘soft’ as I ‘mature’)! In July the weather can be very cold at night, so warm bedding is essential and I ended up using a high quality super-down sleeping bag to great effect. Alternatively you can wear the socks and a beanie to bed! Another plus I found with the park was the friendly group of facetors who were staying there. Quite a few AFG members were present, which was pleasing to see. As an alternative to Gem Tree, you can camp out at the ‘Mud Tank’ field itself if you wish. You basically need to be self-sufficient, though the Alice Springs Gem Club has constructed a toilet on site which helps overcome one problem! On my first full day in the Harts Range, I drove out to one of the garnet fossicking areas, located some 34km east of Gemtree. The drive in to the location was noticeable for the number of corrugations (about 500 billion at least!) and I was glad when I reached the specified locality. I spent half a day with limited success, collecting mainly small ‘chips’ of garnet, so I drove a further 2km on to a second location suitable for specking. I had been to that spot once before and had found the terrain most suitable for getting lost in. The trees are numerous and about 4m high, so it is easy to become disorientated. There are several small ridges running into each other, with a series of intersecting (dry) streams. After walking and specking for 2hrs, and finding some nice garnets, I headed back to my vehicle. However it was not where I thought it was! With a mountain to my north and the access track to the south I knew I could locate my vehicle eventually but it could take some time. Fortunately, I had taken the precaution of taking a GPS with me and so was able to locate my vehicle very quickly. At such times one is grateful for such modern technology! A LOT OF DIGGING WITH FEW GARNETS TO SHOW FOR THE EFFORTS! SOME TYPICAL GARNETS ‘SPECKED’ FROM THE HARTS RANGE. My second outing was to the Disputed mine on Mt Palmer. This involved a drive some 75km along the Plenty Highway to the Atitjere Community. The turn off to the mine is just on the west side of the Harts Range Police station. The highway out to the community from Gemtree was excellent, having just been graded for the ‘Harts Range Races’ the coming weekend. The track into the mine passes the race course and was in good condition up to that point. Then the dreaded corrugations appeared till the ‘Spotted Tiger campground’ was reached. From the campground, until reaching Mt Palmer, the ‘goat track/road’ is definitely 4WD only. Even in a 4WD vehicle the going is slow and rough. It took me some 50 minutes to travel the 14km from the highway to Mt Palmer! Upon reaching the parking area at the base of Mt Palmer, I was not overly surprised to see two other 4WD vehicles parked there. After recovering from the drive in, I loaded up my back pack and commenced the 30 to 40 minute walk/climb up to the ‘Disputed Mine site’. The walk up to the mine will provide you with some good exercise, though a marked track makes progress easier than it would otherwise be. THAT LITTLE WHITE PATCH IN THE CENTRE OF THE PHOTO IS THE MULLOCK HEAP FOR THE DISPUTED MINE. THE PHOTO WAS TAKEN FROM THE ‘CAR PARK’ Halfway up the track, I looked up and could see a fossicker working on the large mullock heap below the disputed mine. I thought the person had a familiar appearance, even at that distance. When I eventually staggered up the mullock heap I was happy to see another member of the Warrnambool Gem Club hard at work. LARRY AND HIS DOG DIGGING IN THE MULLOCK HEAP OF THE DISPUTED MINE FOR SOME OF THOSE BERYL CRYSTALS! ‘Larry’ had been up to the mine on several occasions and has collected a significant number of beryl crystals from the mullock heap. The crystals are large, but invariably fractured into small fragments. However, one crystal can provide several good pieces of faceting rough if you are lucky enough to find such a crystal. The technique is basically to dig into the mullock heap until you reach the underlying natural surface, then slowly work your way up the slope. That way you tend to get into the larger rocks amongst which you are more likely to find the beryl. The difficulty is that the fine mica schist on the mullock heap invariably tumbles down into any excavation you make! You can dig for an hour, have a nice excavation underway and 10 seconds later it is all filled in with sliding debris. After this has happened several times you come to appreciate the amount of work involved in finding even one beryl crystal! You also come to appreciate the amount of hard work the original miners must have put in. Larry ended the day with several nice pieces, including a section of a blue beryl crystal from which he should be able to cut several stones. I had less to show for my efforts, but had some small beryl pieces and some mineral specimens LEFT: SOME OF THE MANY MINERALS THAT EXIST AT THE DISPUTED MINE SITE, JUST BE PREPARED TO SHIFT A LOT OF ROCK! At Larry’s suggestion, I climbed to the top of Mt Palmer to have a look at the views. That involved a 1 hour round trip and was well worth the effort. The views are truly spectacular, with mountains extending into the distance, both east and west; while flat planes stretch to the north. The geology of the area is very apparent from Mt Palmer, with the tilted and folded strata and erosion patterns easy to observe. The trip to the Disputed mine provided a great day’s outing but is not one to be undertaken lightly. There are a number of deep open mine shafts near the summit, so take care if walking in that area. THE VIEW FROM THE SUMMIT OF MT PALMER IS TRULY SPECTULAR AND WELL WORTH THE HIKE TO THE TOP My third excursion from Gemtree involved a visit to the Mud Tank zircon fields. I had tried to fossick here several years ago, but had arrived on the day it started raining for 3 consecutive days (after several months of drought) and had been unable to access the fields. This time I had been blessed with clear blue skies every day and so was looking forward to doing some fossicking. One of the good things about fossicking is the many lovely people your meet. On my arrival at Mud Tank I met a Kevin Boarer from Sydney who showed me the way to pick out the zircons in the wash and generously let me dig in his hole as he “had found enough zircons”. I spent several hours digging in the hole over 2 days and discovered it to be hard work for someone not used to such exertions. The ‘wash’ was only about 300mm below the surface where I was digging but it was tightly packed and difficult to extract, even with a pick! Eventually I obtained a modest container full of zircons. However, upon careful examination at the end of the second day it was clear that that many of the zircons were not cutters. But I did have 4 nice pieces that would cut 6mm stones and a large number that would cut 3-4mm stones. So I was happy with the finds given the time I had spent digging! LEFT: DIGGING FOR ZIRCONS ON THE FLATS BETWEEN SPECIMEN HILL AND ZIRCON HILL SOME OF THE REWARDS (ZIRCONS AND APATITE) FROM DIGGING AT ‘MUDTANK’. The following 2 days I decided to give my back a rest and went ‘specking’ for garnets north of the Plenty highway, opposite the ‘Gemtree lease’. The first day I got a number of small clean stones (4 to 5mm) close to the Plenty highway. The second day I ventured further into the shrub and found some larger garnets as well as many clean smaller stones, varying from the deep dark red to the light purplish-pink tones. Once again the GPS came to the rescue as the terrain I was fossicking in was flat with 4m high trees in abundance. With cattle tracks leading in all directions, and many small dry stream beds in the area, it is very easy to become disorientated. IT IS VERY EASY TO LOSE TRACK OF YOUR POSITION WHEN SPECKING IN THE FLATTER AREAS NORTH OF THE PLENTY HIGHWAY. MAKING SURE YOU CAN FIND YOUR WAY BACK TO YOUR VEHICLE IS IMPORTANT. One of the good things about the Harts ranges is that it is the home to many different types of minerals. It is also a great place to visit if you simply wish to get out of the city and spend some time in natural surroundings. I only spent 2 weeks fossicking in the area and appreciate that I still have much to learn about the minerals/gemstones in the region. Next visit I will be better equipped for my fossicking and I will allow extra time for exploration of the many mining sites through the ranges. Larry, who was getting towards the end of some 9 weeks in the ranges, has become familiar with the area over several years. Generously he showed me the location of a rutile mine where we spent a few hours and collected a number of small rutile crystals for our efforts. Nearby we spent some further time digging up some quite attractive sunstone. There are many deposits of minerals in the area, but most are small in area and if exploited/abused, could be quickly ruined for the amateur fossicker! However, if treated sensibly, the Harts Range should provide enjoyable fossicking opportunities for many years to come. If you have the chance to visit central Australia consider a trip into the Harts Range! A FEW HOURS DIGGING ON THIS SITE YIELDED A NUMBER OF SMALL RUTILE CRYSTALS PLUS QUARTZ CRYSTALS. SOME USEFUL INFORMATION ON FOSSICKING IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY: FOSSICKING PERMITS: If fossicking in the N.T., you require a permit which should be carried with you at all times. There is no charge for a personal fossicking permit and they can be obtained from: Department of Business, Industry and Resource Development, Minerals House, 58 Hartley Street, P.O. Box 8760 Alice Springs, N.T. 0871., Ph. (08) 89515658, Website: http://www.nt.gov.au/dpifm/Minerals_Energy/index.cfm?header=Minerals%20Home Central Australian Tourism Industry Assoc. Inc., 60 Gregory Terrace, P.O. Box 2227, Alice Springs, N.T. 0871, Freecall 1800 645199, e-mail: visinfo@catia.asn.au, Website: www.centralaustraliantourism.com ‘Outback Gems’, Coles Village, Alice Springs; Ph. (08) 89529299 More information is available at: www.fossicking.nt.gov.au FOSSICKING EQUIPMENT: basic equipment would include 2 sieves (6mm, 12mm), 2 large plastic basins to wash the sieves in, a shovel and pick, containers for carrying water for wet sieving, containers for holding the minerals, a portable table or board on which a sack or similar can be placed when sorting the sieved material and a geological hammer. Recommended additional equipment would include: a large magnet for separating the magnetite from the zircons, gardening gloves and eye protection plus a ‘shaker’. If you plan on doing more than a single day’s digging, a shaker is highly recommended! For those only planning a quick visit to the area for one or two days fossicking, ‘Gemtree’ provide the necessary equipment as part of their guided tours. It is also important to consider your safety when fossicking in remote areas. Always carry additional supplies of water, wear suitable footwear and protection from the sun. A well prepared vehicle and first aid kit are essential. Notify people of where you are going and consider the use of a G.P.S. and emergency beacon, they offer cheap insurance in an emergency.

SOME OF THE BEAUTIFUL HARTS RANGE MINERALS THAT ‘LARRY’ FOUND! By Alan Altmann (2003) In July/August 2003 I traveled up to the Harts Range in the Northern Territory for a few weeks fossicking. While up there (refer my previous article in M.S.G.) I came upon another member of the Warrnambool Gem Club, namely ‘Larry’. Larry spent some 7 weeks fossicking in the Harts Range this year, as he loves the wilderness and freedom of the area as well as the thrill of fossicking for the regions gems. Larry has visited the Harts Range 6 times to date, traveling in his 11 year old Ford Courier 4WD, generally with the company of his dog ‘Belle’. He has got to know many of the locals in the area and uses a combination of their knowledge/assistance, and basic hard work on his part, to track down the many minerals in the area. He has traveled extensively in the ranges, searching in many areas for the gemstones we all desire. Larry emphasized to me the importance of obtaining permission prior to entering many of the areas he visits. He has found locals helpful, providing you do the right thing in the first place (asking permission, not leaving a mess, not disturbing the stock, not lighting fires during hot periods etc.). Recently I had the opportunity to view some of Larry’s finds and I have recorded these pictorially in this article. I am sure that the sight of (this small selection of) Larry’s minerals will encourage some of you to pay a visit to the Harts Range in the future! The first group of minerals, which are shown below, are variously coloured beryl crystals from the Disputed Mine on Mt Palmer. The crystals vary enormously in size, the 20 cent coin in the photo giving you an idea of the scale involved. Many of the crystals contain pieces of beryl suitable for faceting, with the colours ranging from golden yellow to orange to green to deep blues. LEFT: The beryl crystals from the Mt Palmer area range significantly in both size and colour. RIGHT: The ‘gemmy’ nature of some of the material is clear from these beryl crystals and pieces of Golden Beryl and Aquamarine. A beryl crystal, tourmaline crystals and muscovite in Albite. When you are digging in the mullock heap at the disputed mine, you will frequently find that your progress is slowed as the finer material collapses/pours into the hole you have dug. However, during one such ‘cave in’, Larry was pleasantly surprised when a large Smokey quartz crystal with a white coating over much of the exterior (see photo left) rolled down the slope and stopped at his feet! Near the ‘Kong Bore’, Larry has obtained some very nice sunstone during the last two visits. The quality of the sunstone varies markedly, with the better quality material being transparent, with impressive ‘schiller’ and ‘rainbow lattice’ effects. Left: An example of the sunstone from the Kong Bore locality, showing the lovely play of colours characteristic of this material. Above Right: Small rutile crystals founby sieving through dump material. displaying some of the beautiful red sheen characteristic of these crystals. For the more energetic (and well prepared) individuals, another area to visit is the ‘Entire Valley’, accessed from the Plenty Highway, some 28 km east of the Harts Range police station. The tracks in this area should be treated with care, and if fossicking in this area you will probably be camping out in the valley for at least one night to make the effort worthwhile! There are leases in the area, so check before entering and obtain any necessary permission. Larry obtained some nice minerals from the Entire valley and some of these are shown left. Those gems and minerals are still out there to be found in regions such as the Harts Range. It takes some time and effort on the part of the fossicker, but as Larry’s collections shows, it can be done. Happy fossicking!

FOSSICKING IN THE APPLE ISLE By Alan Altmann (Warrnambool Gem Club) In February 2008 I headed off to Tasmania for a short holiday, planning to do some fossicking in between bushwalking and general sight seeing. As I intended to fossick at a number of locations, I decided to take my vehicle over on the Princess of Tasmania. This was more costly ($340 return for myself plus the vehicle) than flying, but offered extra flexibility, particularly when it came to getting to some of the fossicking areas. I chose to cross Bass Strait on a day trip, as I had found previous day trips on the ‘Princess’ to be quite pleasant experiences, with some dolphins and other ships being spotted en-route. I was one of many ‘mainlanders’ making the trip to Tasmania that day, February seems to be a popular time to visit Tasmania, particularly for Queenslanders and New South Welshmen! Left: The Penguin beach fossicking area with the town of Penguin in the background. 3 photos of tumble polished jasper pebbles from Penguin beach. These stones took 5 days in the tumbler to complete the tumbling process! ZEEHAN A short drive down the west coast brought me to Zeehan, the home of Crocoite and many other lovely minerals. The Zeehan museum in the centre of town is well worth a look, as it has a very impressive display of minerals from both the local area and overseas. It also has a great photographic record of mining in the area. (N.B. unfortunately, photography is not allowed in the museum). Opposite the museum, Richard Wolfe has a shop where he sells a wide range of crocoite specimens and many other local and overseas minerals. Richard is a very experienced miner and mineral collector and a valuable source of information about the region. At the time of writing, Richard was mining a beryl deposit, as well as Crocoite from the Adelaide mine. At Richard’s suggestion, I visited Michael and Eleanor Phelan (of ‘Dundas Extended Minerals’), who live in the ‘old town of Dundas’, which is shown on my road atlas, but no-longer physically exists. Upon realising that I was a member of a lapidary club, and that I was looking for carving material for our club members, Michael very generously donated some ‘serpentine & stichtite’ carving material to our club. This material can apparently be hand worked with files, smoothed with sanding paper to 400 grit size, and then polished with car cutting compound. Due to its’ fibrous nature, selection of pieces is important as it can readily split, and it should not be exposed to oil in the cutting process as the oil will be absorbed by the serpentine. In addition to the material Michael donated, I decided to purchase some of the better quality material he sells commercially. Michael normally charges around $8/Kg for such material and at the time of writing was happy to deal with lapidaries or lapidary clubs. If you are looking for nice carving material for your club, it may pay to contact Michael/Eleanor at P.O. Box 132, Zeehan, Tas., 7469 (or phone 0408 578 973 or e-mail ephelan@tassie.net.au). Obviously you will save on freight costs if a club member is passing through the area on holidays and can collect the material directly. The Zeehan Gem & Mineral Fair in November is a good excuse to be visiting the area! Far Left: Michael Phelan (at ‘Dundas’) beside some of the Serpentine & Stichtite he had been mining. When I took this photo Michael had just arrived home from a hard days mining, however, he still insisted on showing me around and giving me some material for our club. A very generous and helpful individual! Left: A close up photo of the serpentine stichtite slab, showing the fibrous nature of the material. Far Left: Slabs of Serpentine and Stichtite showing two of the shades of green. Left: The green serpentine in the quarry is obvious in this photo Richard also mentioned a quarry where I could collect serpentine myself. After some searching, I found what I believe to be the quarry Richard mentioned. The ground was ‘green’ and there was serpentine in abundance, but of highly variable quality. Much of it was prone to breaking up very easily, so you have to choose what you collect with care. Look for solid ‘nodules’ of the material which occur amongst the more friable material. To add to the ‘fun’, I passed a 1m long black snake as I drove into the quarry, and upon entering the quarry I discovered a large number of commercial bee-hives set up in the middle of the quarry. Needless to say, I stayed well clear of the hives which were very active! The quarry is some 16.8km south of the Rosebery Police station, on a winding hill section of the highway, so care needs to be taken when accessing the quarry. If approaching from the south, the quarry is 5.2km north of the Dundas turnoff. One further warning regarding the quarry! There is a small amount of white asbestos in some sections of the quarry. However, the asbestos should not be a major problem as most of the quarry is ‘clean’ and I have been told by locals that the asbestos that exists is in a form/situation where it is very difficult for it to become air borne. I am not expert on asbestos, so if you have any concerns, I would suggest you just purchase some material from Richard; then you can be sure you will have no exposure to any asbestos! On my second day in Zeehan, I drove to Trial Harbour. The trip involves some 23km of winding gravel road, which is in very good condition for the first half of the journey, but corrugated and rougher closer to Trial Harbour. Trial Harbour itself was a pleasant surprise, a quiet locality right on the beach, with both decrepit shacks and new modern homes being erected. The town is not connected to the power grid and one of the first things that you notice is the number of solar panels and small wind generators throughout the town. Combined with wood heating/cooking, the residents are largely self sufficient when it comes to their household energy needs! In Trial Harbour you can obtain information about the local area from Shirley Smith who runs a small ‘history room/museum’ near the beach parking area. A basic ‘mud-map’ showing the general locations of the local mines is included in the information brochure at the ‘history room’. Just before you reach Trial Harbour, you can turn off onto the 4WD road to Granville. This track is definitely 4WD only, and the bridges over several of the creeks have been closed due to their poor condition. There are several old mines in the area and I walked into the ‘Federation Tin Mine’, where much of the original structure remains intact. En-route I collected a large number of Tourmaline schorl specimens from the tracks and adjacent areas. The crystals I found were small, though locals have collected some very impressive specimens from the Trial Harbour area. I understand that nice quartz crystals have also been collected in the area, but local knowledge is necessary! L: The township of Trial Harbour showing the solar panels and wind generators used by the locals R: The poor condition of the ‘bridges’ on the 4WD track limited road access north of Trial Harbour L: Tourmaline schorl is common in this area. WEYMOUTH On my way to Gladstone I decided to drop in and have a look at the Weymouth fossicking area. This locality is adjacent to the town and easily accessible, and so has probably been extensively fossicked over the years. There are plenty of pebbles on the beach, but while they are nicely rounded and plentiful, they are generally not of a quality suitable for tumbling. Much of the material was low grade quartz/quartzite/shale and porous in nature. There was plenty of milky quartz and a greyish quartz, but I could not find much worth putting in the tumbler. I ended up only spending 2 to3 hours at this site, and would be unlikely to visit it again. GLADSTONE This area is an old tin mining area which is well known for its smoky quartz crystals. I had visited the area some 5 years prior, with limited success, obtaining some smoky quartz, but only in the form of heavily water-worn pebbles. Two photos : Left: Wet conditions at Cameron’s Creek near Gladstone Below left: Some of the smoky quartz from Cameron’s creek. The area had some 70mm of rain over the two days prior to my arrival, which was apparently the first decent rain they had had in a long time. I started the day by walking up and down Cameron Creek, which had a good flow but was not in flood. Two hours yielded a few small pieces of smoky quartz, including some facet grade material, but no significant crystals. It was raining lightly during this time but I decided to persist and drove in the first track just east of Gladstone, as indicated on the fossicking map of the area provided by the Tasmanian Department of Infrastructure, Energy & Resources. Before the end of the track I parked and followed a series of pink ribbons/markers into one of the mullock areas on the creek. The area is heavily eroded and has lots of vegetation, so you must take care to ensure that you do not become lost or disorientated. The use of a G.P.S would be worth considering if you have one. As I reached the creek area the rain intensified and I spent the next four hours digging in mud and water. Fortunately, it was not cold, just very wet! I removed a significant amount of soil from the edges of the creek where it was apparent others had been digging recently. However, all I got for my efforts was one low grade, water-worn, Smokey quartz crystal plus a small piece of facet grade material. As the rain was continuing, I decided to call it a day as conditions were poor for fossicking and the weather forecast was for further heavy rain (which did continue for the following two days). So I retreated down the coast for some ‘slack time’ at St. Helens and Freycinet Peninsula, a lovely part of Tasmania!

Mortlake Peridot Jewellery The photos below show faceted gems cut from Mount Shadwell peridot as well as jewellery using the Mount Shadwell peridot. The gems belong to a member of the Warrnambool Gem Club, Brian Alexander. Brian cuts the larger gems on his VJ faceting machine, but send the small gems overseas for cutting. Some of the jewellery has also been set by Brian, but most of the more complex peices have been produced by a local silversmith, Bud Knackstedt. L: Peridot gold ring R: Peridot and gold pendant L: Peridot and diamond ring in gold R: Peridot and diamond gold ring L to R: Amethyst and peridot gold ring; Peridot and sapphire ring; Peridot and citrine gold ring L to R: Peridot and sapphire/diamond gold ring; Peridot and sapphire gold ring; Faceted Mortlake peridot L: Faceted Mortlake peridot R: Faceted Mortlake 'olivine', orange! FAY PECK: AVOCA. Was well known in the Western District. Our club was fortunate to visit Fay’s museum and see her collection. Regrettably Fay is no longer with us and her collection no longer exists. The page below was copied from the Wimmera Tourist News (date unknown).

MOUNT SHADWELL AEGIRINE-AUGITE CRYSTALS The Australian Journal of Mineralogy published an article on the Aegirine-augite crystals at Mt Shadwell in its June 2008 (Vol. 14, No. 1) edition. The article had contributions from Bill Birch, Alan Wood, Allan White, Stuart Mills and Ross Freeman. We have been given permission to include the article on this website following communications with Dr Bill Birch of Museum Victoria. Aegirine-augite crystals in scoria from Mt Shadwell and Mt Anakie, Victoria, Australia. Contributors: William D. Birch Geoscience Section, Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia Alan Wood 30 Boorook Street, Mortlake, Victoria, 3772, Australia Allan J. R. White 51 Cox Street, Port Fairy, Victoria, 3284, Australia Stuart J. Mills Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4. Ross Freeman Sietronics Pty Ltd, PO Box 3066, Belconnen, ACT 2616, Australia Abstract Free-standing aegirine-augite crystals occur in basaltic scoria cones representing the volcanic eruption points of Mt Shadwell and Mt Anakie, on the Cainozoic volcanic plains of Western Victoria, Australia. The crystals are found encrusting white quartz xenoliths in the scoria. They are pale yellow to orange, prismatic in habit and up to 1 cm long. Microprobe analyses show a range in compositions, but all plot within the field of Ca−Na pyroxenes. Optical properties and unit-cell data for crystals from Mt Shadwell are presented. Residual volcanic glass found encrusting the quartz and aegirine-augite crystals at Mt Shadwell has compositions in the quartz trachyte − peralkaline rhyolite range, suggesting extreme fractionation has occurred on a small scale as the quartz reacted with the surrounding basaltic scoria melt after eruption had taken place. Introduction Prominent basaltic scoria cones are a characteristic landscape feature on the Cainozoic volcanic plains of the Western District of Victoria. As a group, they generally represent the youngest phase of eruption in any volcanic episode. Many of the scoria volcanoes are important sites for megacrysts and mantle and crustal xenoliths which have enabled both magma generation and crustal structure beneath the region to be modelled. The ready availability of megacrysts and xenoliths in a number of quarries on scoria cones has, up until recently, overshadowed the presence of a suite of high-temperature minerals which have crystallised in the scoria post eruption. At two sites in particular, Mt Shadwell and Mt Anakie, mineral collectors have been obtaining a range of well- crystallised, mostly microscopic species (e.g. pseudobrookite, potassian nepheline) which so far have not been studied in detail. Amongst the most interesting and eye-catching of the discoveries are pale yellow to orange, prismatic crystals encrusting fragments of white reef quartz enclosed in scoria. These have been collected from both Mt Shadwell and Mt Anakie, with specimens from the two sites being so similar in appearance as to be almost indistinguishable. Interest in the crystals first arose during an excursion to the Mt Shadwell quarry by participants in the Fourth International Mineralogy and Museums Conference held in Melbourne in December 2000. One of the authors (AW) handed a specimen to Professor Jose Coutinho, from Brazil, who was unable to provide a precise identification. Subsequent examination of more material by two authors (AJRW and RF) led to a tentative identification of esseneite, based on X-ray diffraction and optical examination. The same provisional identification was made for similar crystals collected at Mt Anakie by Judy Rowe in 2002. However, microprobe analysis has now identified the crystals from both localities as aegirine-augite but with slightly different compositions. This paper provides descriptions of the aegirine-augite crystals and presents microprobe and optical data supporting the identification. Additional data on the composition of the Mt Shadwell scoria and of residual volcanic glass associated with the crystals enable late-stage chemical trends to be defined. Geological setting The two occurrences are some 135 km apart, with Mt Shadwell situated 2 km north of Mortlake and Mt Anakie about 30 km north of Geelong (Figure 1). Mt Shadwell is the highest (135 m relief) of a group of scoria cones that overlie a small tuff deposit and are surrounded by lava flows. As revealed in the large operating quarry (Figure 2), the scoria is generally coarse, both red and black, and contains abundant volcanic ‘bombs’ containing ultramafic xenoliths, as well as clinopyroxene and anorthoclase megacrysts (Wass and Irvine, 1976; Rosengren, 1994). Mt Anakie is actually a complex of three composite scoria cones and a maar which are aligned southeast−northwest over a distance of 5 km. The cones are a prominent feature on the skyline, with the northern cone being 170 m above the surrounding plain. They are better known as The Anakies, with the eastern cone referred to as ‘Eastern Hill’. Substantial quarries operate on the eastern and central cones (Figure 3) and have yielded a range of xenoliths and megacrysts (Wass and Irvine, 1976; Rosengren, 1994).

L above : Figure 1: Map showing the locations of Mt Anakie and Mt Shadwell on the Western District Volcanic Plain. The (simplified) extent of the lava flows is indicated by the shading. R: Figure 3: Mt Anakie (Eastern Hill) scoria quarry. Photo: Judy Rowe. L: Figure 2: Mt Shadwell scoria quarry, February 2008. Photo: B. Birch.

Occurrence, Appearance and Optical Properties At Mt Shadwell, encrustations and crystals of aegirineaugite up to 1 cm long occur at or near the margins of rounded white xenoliths up to 10 cm across enclosed within scoria (Figure 4). The xenoliths consist predominantly of recrystallised quartz with small amounts of tridymite and cristobalite. They are considered to be pyrometamorphosed quartz pieces carried up in the magma from the Palaeozoic basement rocks. Many of the inclusions have been fragmented, rounded and etched, suggesting they have undergone resorption in the magma. This resorption may have continued after eruption, as in many samples there are gaps between the inclusion and the surrounding scoria, creating space in which aegirine-augite crystals have been free to grow. The aegirine-augite crystals have grown directly on the quartz and on the surfaces of the surrounding cavity (Figure 5). They may be accompanied by magnetite, late-forming calcite balls and tiny aragonite needles. In some cavities the quartz fragments are partially coated by transparent, pale yellowish brown glass containing bubbles (Figure 6). The Anakies occurrence is very similar (Figures 7, 8), although the quartz xenoliths and the aegirine-augite crystals are not as large as those from Mt Shadwell. L: Figure 4: Quartz inclusion in Mt Shadwell scoria, showing crust of orange-yellow aegirine-augite crystals; inclusion is 3 cm across. Photo: Lucinda Gibson. Specimen: Museum Victoria, M50822. R: Figure 5: Aegirine-augite crystals on quartz inclusion, Mt Shadwell. Field of view is 6 mm by 4 mm. Photo: Ben Heally/Bill Birch. Specimen: Museum Victoria,M50828 L: Figure 6: Brown glass on quartz inclusion in scoria from Mt Shadwell. Field of view is 7 mm across. Photo: Lucinda Gibson/Bill Birch. Specimen: Museum Victoria, M50821 R: Figure 7: Quartz inclusion with aegirine-augite crystals in scoria from Mt Anakie. Inclusion is 2 cm across. Photo: John Haupt. Specimen: Museum Victoria, M47985. L: Figure 8: Aegirine-augite crystals on quartz from Mt Anakie. Field of view is 7 mm across. Photo: Ben Heally/Bill Birch. Specimen: Museum Victoria, M47985 R: Figure 9: Aegirine-augite crystals on quartz from Mt Anakie. Photo: Ben Heally/Bill Birch. Specimen: Museum Victoria, M47985 In hand specimen and as seen under the microscope, the aegirine-augite crystals from both localities are prismatic and transparent, varying from pale yellow through orange−yellow to brownish yellow, rarely to dark greenish. Colour zonation is observable in some crystals, with colourless to pale yellow cores overgrown by brighter yellow rims. In thin section, the aegirine-augite crystals show a strong brownish yellow colour, which tends to mask the high birefringence (Figure 9). Pleochroism varies from lemon yellow (α and γ) to very pale yellow (β). Refractive indices determined for Mt Shadwell crystals gave α=1.707, γ = 1.735, with orientation Y=b, Z∧c = 30° and 2Vmeas.~ 70°, and with strong inclined dispersion r<v. X-ray diffraction Crystals from both localities were examined by routine X-ray powder diffraction at Museum Victoria using a Philips X’Pert diffractometer for an initial identification. The resulting patterns were characteristic of clinopyroxenes in general and no precise identification could be made from them without chemical data. Two separate crystal concentrates from Mt Shadwell were run on a Bruker D4 X-ray diffractometer at Sietronics Pty Ltd in Canberra, and the d-spacings of the peaks with I/Io greater than 40 were used to calculate approximate unit cell dimensions of a = 9.69, b = 8.83 and c = 5.38 Å. More accurate cell parameters for aegirine-augite from The Anakies were obtained from determination of the crystal structure (Mills and Groat, 2008) (see accompanying paper). Chemical composition Microprobe analyses were undertaken on representative crystals from both localities, using a Cameca SX50 instrument under operating conditions of 15 kV and 25 nÅ. The results (see Table 1) show a range of Na-rich, low-Ti, Al-absent compositions. Total iron was partitioned into Fe2O3 and FeO using the method of Droop (1987) and employing an online spreadsheet established by Robert Sturm (Institute of Physics and Biophysics, Salzburg, Austria). Formula calculation shows that all analyses can be expressed in terms of the aegirine (NaFe3+) endmember and a Ca−Mg−Fe2+ (quad) component. In the Q−J diagram, all analyses plot in the Na−Ca compositional field for pyroxenes (Figure 10). The Anakies crystals as a group contain more of the aegirine endmember than those fromMt Shadwell, but further sampling and analyses may close the apparent gap. The term aegirine-augite is applicable to all analyses shown, under the pyroxene nomenclature scheme of Morimoto et al. (1988). The respective formulae for the average composition from The Anakies and Mt Shadwell, based on all available analytical data, are: (Ca0.57,Na0.40)Σ0.97(Mg0.57,Fe3+0.40,Fe2+0.05,Mn0.01,Ti0.01)Σ1.04(Si1.97,Fe3+0.03)Σ2.00O6 (Ca0.76,Na0.24)Σ1.00(Mg0.71,Fe3+0.26,Fe2+0.02,Mn0.01,Ti0.01)Σ1.01(Si1.97,Fe3+0.03)Σ2.00O6 Left: Figure 12: Total alkali versus silica plot for the Mt Shadwell scoria and residual glass. Arrow shows fractionation extent and direction resulting from reaction between the scoria melt with a basanite composition and quartz xenoliths, accompanied by aegirine-augite crystallisation. Formation Textural relationships suggest that the aegirine-augite crystals at both localities have crystallised under hightemperature conditions during post-eruptive cooling within the scoria mound. Magmatic resorption of the quartz xenoliths, around which the crystals have nucleated, may have commenced prior to eruption, but further reaction, possibly enhanced by the presence of volcanic gases, appears to have occurred following eruption. This created the space for the crystals to grow between the xenoliths and the enclosing scoria. Evidence for continuing reaction may be found from the composition of the glass occurring with aegirine-augite crystals on some quartz fragments from Mt Shadwell. It is likely that this glass represents the most fractionated remnant of the original magma, following reaction of the scoria melt with the quartz, accompanied by crystallisation of the aegirine-augite. Microprobe analyses (Table 2) show the glass to be rich in SiO2 (67−73 wt %), K2O and Na2O, with a CIPW normative content made up of roughly equal proportions of quartz, orthoclase and aegirine (‘acmite’) (Figure 11). Mt Shadwell scoria is alkaline in composition (Na2O + K2O of 5−6 wt %) and is classified as basanite (Irving, 1971), with normative nepheline contents of 9−10 wt % (see Table 3). The scoria melt composition is therefore markedly different to that of the glass in contact with the quartz xenoliths, showing that very strong fractionation effects have taken place over short distances. Elementby- element comparison between the two indicate that the combination of reaction with the quartz and crystallisation of the aegirine-augite has led to strong enrichment in Si and K and strong depletion in Al, Mg and Ca in the residual melt fraction. In effect, a basanite melt has been changed to one which could potentially crystallise as a quartz−orthoclase−aegirine assemblage, such as may occur in a quartz trachyte or peralkaline rhyolite (see Figure 12). Clinopyroxene crystals of similar appearance to the Victorian aegirine-augites occur in the scoria cones of the Eifel region in Germany (Hentschel, 1987), but these examples have not been studied in detail (Uwe Kolitsch, personal communication), so that comparisons are not possible at this stage. References Droop, G. T. R., 1987: A general equation for estimating Fe3+ concentrations in ferromagnesian silicates and oxides from microprobe analyses, using stoichiometric criteria. Mineralogical Magazine, 51, 431−435. Hentschel, G., 1987: Die Mineralien der Eifelvulkane. Second, extended edition, Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, Germany, 177 pp. (in German). Irving, A. J., 1971: Geochemical and high pressure experimental studies of xenoliths, megacrysts and basalts from southeastern Australia. PhD thesis (unpublished), Australian National University, Canberra. Mills, S. J. and Groat, L. A., 2008: The crystal structure of yellow aegirine-augite from Mount Anakie, Victoria. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 14(1), 43-45. Morimoto, N., 1988: Nomenclature of Pyroxenes. Canadian Mineralogist, 27, 143−156. Rosengren, N., 1994: Eruption points of the Newer Volcanics province of Victoria: an inventory and evaluation of scientific significance. National Trust of Australia (Victoria) and the Geological Society of Australia (Victoria Division), 387 pp. Wass, S. Y. and Irvine, A. J., 1976: XENMEG: a catalogue of xenoliths and megacrysts in volcanic rocks of eastern Australia. The Australian Museum, Sydney.

Elbaite crystals

Fossicking in the Harts

Ranges,

By Alan Altmann,

Warrnambool Gem Club,

2003

In July 2003, I traveled from Warrnambool, Victoria, up to the Harts Ranges in central Australia which is a popular fossicking area in winter I am a member of the Warrnambool Gem Club in western Victoria, and two club members, Bill and Phyll Rodgers introduced me to the hobby some 40 years ago. Now 93, Bill still cuts and polishes gemstones and is a wealth of knowledge on the subject. BILL ROGERS (95 years young in 2006) CAN STILL PRODUCE MAGNIFICENT FACETED GEMS ON HIS 'FACETRON' FACETING MACHINE, WHICH HE PURCHASED AFTER WEARING OUT HIS 'IMASHI' FACETING MACHINE I arrived in late July and headed out to the Harts Ranges. I stayed at the Gemtree Caravan Park as it provides facilities which one comes to appreciate. Having clean toilets, washing facilities and an electricity supply are definite pluses. I found a friendly group of facetors were staying there including quite a few AFG members . As an alternative to Gem Tree, you can camp out at the ‘Mud Tank’ field itself if you wish though you need to be self-sufficient. On my first full day in the Harts Range, I drove to one of the garnet fossicking areas, located some 34km east of Gemtree. I spent half a day with limited success, collecting mainly small ‘chips’ of garnet, so I drove to a second location suitable for specking. The terrain is easy to get lost in with trees about 4m high. After walking and specking for 2hrs, and finding some nice garnets, I headed back to my vehicle. However it was not where I thought it was! With a mountain to my north and the access track to the south I knew I could locate my vehicle eventually but it could take some time. Fortunately, I had a GPS with me and so was able to locate my vehicle very quickly. At such times one is grateful for such modern technology! A LOT OF DIGGING WITH FEW GARNETS TO SHOW FOR THE EFFORTS! SOME TYPICAL GARNETS ‘SPECKED’ FROM THE HARTS RANGE. My second outing was to the Disputed mine on Mt Palmer. This involved a drive some 75km along the Plenty Highway to the Atitjere Community. The turn off to the mine is just on the west side of the Harts Range Police station. The track into the mine passes the race course and the ‘Spotted Tiger campground’ . From the campground, until reaching Mt Palmer, the ‘goat track/road’ is definitely 4WD only. Even in a 4WD vehicle the going is slow and rough. It took me some 50 minutes to travel the 14km from the highway to Mt Palmer! Upon reaching the parking area at the base of Mt Palmer, I commenced the 30 to 40 minute walk/climb up to the ‘Disputed Mine site’. THAT LITTLE WHITE PATCH IN THE CENTRE OF THE PHOTO IS THE MULLOCK HEAP FOR THE DISPUTED MINE. THE PHOTO WAS TAKEN FROM THE ‘CAR PARK’ Halfway up the track, I could see a fossicker working on the large mullock heap below the disputed mine. When I eventually reached the mullock heap I was happy to see another member of the Warrnambool Gem Club hard at work. LARRY AND HIS DOG DIGGING IN THE MULLOCK HEAP OF THE DISPUTED MINE FOR SOME OF THOSE BERYL CRYSTALS! ‘Larry’ had been up to the mine on several occasions and has collected a significant number of beryl crystals from the mullock heap. The crystals are large, but invariably fractured into small fragments. However, one crystal can provide several good pieces of faceting rough if you are lucky enough to find such a crystal. The technique is to dig into the mullock heap until you reach the underlying natural surface, then slowly work your way up the slope. Larry ended the day with several nice pieces, including a section of a blue beryl crystal from which he should be able to cut several stones. I had less to show for my efforts, but had some small beryl pieces and some mineral specimens LEFT: SOME OF THE MANY MINERALS THAT EXIST AT THE DISPUTED MINE SITE, JUST BE PREPARED TO SHIFT A LOT OF ROCK! I climbed to the top of Mt Palmer to have a look at the views. That involved a 1 hour round trip and was well worth the effort. The geology of the area is very apparent from Mt Palmer, with the tilted and folded strata and erosion patterns easy to observe. There are a number of deep open mine shafts near the summit, so take care if walking in that area. THE VIEW FROM THE SUMMIT OF MT PALMER IS TRULY SPECTULAR AND WELL WORTH THE HIKE TO THE TOP My third excursion involved a visit to the Mud Tank zircon fields. One of the good things about fossicking is the people your meet. On my arrival I met a Kevin Boarer from Sydney who showed me the way to pick out the zircons in the wash. Over 2 days I discovered it to be hard work for someone not used to such exertions. The ‘wash’ was only about 300mm below the surface where I was digging but it was tightly packed and difficult to extract, even with a pick! Eventually I obtained a modest container full of zircons. LEFT: DIGGING FOR ZIRCONS ON THE FLATS BETWEEN SPECIMEN HILL AND ZIRCON HILL SOME OF THE REWARDS (ZIRCONS AND APATITE) FROM DIGGING AT ‘MUDTANK’. The following 2 days I decided to give my back a rest and went ‘specking’ for garnets north of the Plenty highway. I got a number of small clean stones (4 to 5mm) close to the Plenty highway. The second day I found some larger garnets as well as many clean smaller stones, varying from the deep dark red to the light purplish-pink tones. IT IS VERY EASY TO LOSE TRACK OF YOUR POSITION WHEN SPECKING IN THE FLATTER AREAS NORTH OF THE PLENTY HIGHWAY. MAKING SURE YOU CAN FIND YOUR WAY BACK TO YOUR VEHICLE IS IMPORTANT. A FEW HOURS DIGGING AT ANOTHER SITE YIELDED A NUMBER OF SMALL RUTILE CRYSTALS PLUS QUARTZ CRYSTALS. SOME USEFUL NFORMATION ON FOSSICKING IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY: FOSSICKING PERMITS: If fossicking in the N.T., you require a permit which should be carried with you at all times. There is no charge for a personal fossicking permit and they can be obtained from: Department of Business, Industry and Resource Development, Minerals House, 58 Hartley Street, P.O. Box 8760 Alice Springs, N.T. 0871., Ph. (08) 89515658, Website: http://www.nt.gov.au/dpifm/Minerals_Energy/index.cfm?header=Mi nerals%20Home Central Australian Tourism Industry Assoc. Inc., 60 Gregory Terrace, P.O. Box 2227, Alice Springs, N.T. 0871, Freecall 1800 645199, e- mail: visinfo@catia.asn.au, Website: www.centralaustraliantourism.com More information is available at: www.fossicking.nt.gov.au

SOME OF THE BEAUTIFUL HARTS RANGE MINERALS THAT ‘LARRY’ FOUND! By Alan Altmann (2003) In July/August 2003 I traveled up to the Harts Range in the N.T. and met Warrnambool Gem Club‘Larry’. Larry has visited the Harts Range 6 times to date, and uses a combination of local knowledge and basic hard work, to track down the many minerals in the area. Recently I had the opportunity to view some of Larry’s finds and I have recorded these pictorially in this article. The first group of minerals, which are shown below, are variously coloured beryl crystals from the Disputed Mine on Mt Palmer. The crystals vary enormously in size, the 20 cent coin in the photo giving you an idea of the scale involved. Many of the crystals contain pieces of beryl suitable for faceting, with the colours ranging from golden yellow to orange to green to deep blues. LEFT: The ‘gemmy’ nature of some of the material is clear from these beryl crystals and pieces of Golden Beryl and Aquamarine. A beryl crystal, tourmaline crystals and muscovite in Albite. When you are digging in the mullock heap at the disputed mine, you will frequently find that your progress is slowed as the finer material collapses/pours into the hole you have dug. However, during one such ‘cave in’, Larry was pleasantly surprised when a large Smokey quartz crystal with a white coating over much of the exterior rolled down the slope and stopped at his feet! (see photo left) Near the ‘Kong Bore’, Larry has obtained some very nice sunstone during the last two visits. The quality of the sunstone varies markedly, with the better quality material being transparent, with impressive ‘schiller’ and ‘rainbow lattice’ effects. Left: An example of the sunstone from the Kong Bore locality, showing the lovely play of colours characteristic of this material. Left: Small rutile crystals founby sieving through dump material. displaying some of the beautiful red sheen characteristic of these crystals. For the more energetic (and well prepared) individuals, another area to visit is the ‘Entire Valley’, accessed from the Plenty Highway, some 28 km east of the Harts Range police station. The tracks in this area should be treated with care, and if fossicking in this area you will probably be camping out in the valley for at least one night to make the effort worthwhile! There are leases in the area, so check before entering and obtain any necessary permission. Larry obtained some nice minerals from the Entire valley and some of these are shown below.

FOSSICKING IN THE APPLE ISLE By Alan Altmann (Warrnambool Gem Club) In February 2008 I headed to Tasmania f planning to do some fossicking. As I intended to fossick at a number of locations, I took my vehicle over on the Princess of Tasmania. I was one of many ‘mainlanders’ making the trip to Tasmania that day, February seems to be a popular time to visit Tasmania, particularly for Queenslanders and New South Welshmen! Below: The Penguin beach fossicking area with the town of Penguin in the background. Above: Photos of tumble polished jasper pebbles from Penguin beach. These stones took 5 days in the tumbler to complete the tumbling process! ZEEHAN A short drive down the west coast brought me to Zeehan, the home of Crocoite and many other lovely minerals. The Zeehan museum in the centre of town is well worth a look, as it has a very impressive display of minerals from both the local area and overseas. Opposite the museum, Richard Wolfe has a shop where he sells a wide range of crocoite specimens and many other local and overseas minerals. Richard is a very experienced miner and mineral collector and a valuable source of information about the region. At Richard’s suggestion, I visited Michael and Eleanor Phelan (of ‘Dundas Extended Minerals’), who live in the ‘old town of Dundas’, which is shown on my road atlas, but no-longer physically exists. Upon realising that I was a member of a lapidary club, and that I was looking for carving material for our club members, Michael very generously donated some ‘serpentine & stichtite’ carving material to our club. This material can apparently be hand worked with files, smoothed with sanding paper to 400 grit size, and then polished with car cutting compound. Due to its’ fibrous nature, selection of pieces is important as it can readily split, and it should not be exposed to oil in the cutting process as the oil will be absorbed by the serpentine. In addition to the material Michael donated, I decided to purchase some of the better quality material he sells commercially. The Zeehan Gem & Mineral Fair in November is a good excuse to be visiting the area! Left: Michael Phelan (at ‘Dundas’) beside some of the Serpentine & Stichtite he had been mining. When I took this photo Michael had just arrived home from a hard days mining, however, he still insisted on showing me around and giving me some material for our club. A very generous and helpful individual! Left: Slabs of Serpentine and Stichtite showing two of the shades of green. Left: A close up photo of the serpentine stichtite slab, showing the fibrous nature of the material. Left: The green serpentine in the quarry is obvious in this photo Richard also mentioned a quarry where I could collect serpentine myself. After some searching, I found what I believe to be the quarry Richard mentioned. The ground was ‘green’ and there was serpentine in abundance, but of highly variable quality. Much of it was prone to breaking up very easily, so you have to choose what you collect with care. The quarry is some 16.8km south of the Rosebery Police station, on a winding hill section of the highway, so care needs to be taken when accessing the quarry. If approaching from the south, the quarry is 5.2km north of the Dundas turnoff. One warning regarding the quarry! There is white asbestos in some sections of the quarry. I am not expert on asbestos, so if you have any concerns, I would suggest you just purchase some material from Richard. In Zeehan, I drove to Trial Harbour. Trial Harbour itself was a pleasant surprise, a quiet locality right on the beach, with both decrepit shacks and new modern homes being erected. In Trial Harbour you can obtain information about the local area from Shirley Smith who runs a small ‘history room/museum’ near the beach parking area. A basic ‘mud-map’ showing the general locations of the local mines is included in the information brochure at the ‘history room’. Just before you reach Trial Harbour, you can turn off onto the 4WD road to Granville. This track is definitely 4WD only, and the bridges over several of the creeks have been closed due to their poor condition. There are several old mines in the area. Left above: The township of Trial Harbour showing the solar panels and wind generators used by the locals Right above: The poor condition of the ‘bridges’ on the 4WD track limited road access north of Trial Harbour Second row above: Tourmaline schorl is common in this area. WEYMOUTH On my way to Gladstone I decided to have a look at the Weymouth fossicking area. This locality is adjacent to the town and easily accessible, and has probably been extensively fossicked over the years. There are plenty of pebbles on the beach, but while they are nicely rounded and plentiful, they are generally not of a quality suitable for tumbling. GLADSTONE This area is an old tin mining area which is well known for its smoky quartz crystals. Two photos : Left: Wet conditions at Cameron’s Creek near Gladstone Below left: Some of the smoky quartz from Cameron’s creek. The area had some 70mm of rain over the two days prior to my arrival, which was apparently the first decent rain they had had in a long time. I started the day by walking up and down Cameron Creek, which had a good flow but was not in flood. Two hours yielded a few small pieces of smoky quartz, including some facet grade material. I fossicked further west of Gladstone, but the rain intensified and I spent the next four hours digging in mud and water. All I got for my efforts was one low grade, water-worn, Smokey quartz crystal plus a small piece of facet grade material.

Mortlake Peridot Jewellery The photos below show faceted gems cut from Mount Shadwell peridot as well as jewellery using the Mount Shadwell peridot. The gems belong to a member of the Warrnambool Gem Club, Brian Alexander. Brian cuts the larger gems on his VJ faceting machine, but send the small gems overseas for cutting. Some of the jewellery has also been set by Brian, but most of the more complex peices have been produced by a local silversmith, Bud Knackstedt. Peridot gold ring Peridot gold ring Amethyst and peridot gold ring Peridot and sapphire rings L: Peridot and diamond ring in gold R: Peridot and sapphire /diamond gold ring Peridot and gold pendant Peridot and citrine gold ring L: Faceted Mortlake peridot L: Faceted Mortlake 'olivine', orange! FAY PECK: AVOCA. Was well known in the Western District. Our club was fortunate to visit Fay’s museum and see her collection. Regrettably Fay is no longer with us and her collection no longer exists. The page below was copied from the Wimmera Tourist News (date unknown).